The Chinese economy has been growing at an average rate of 10% for the past three decades. This unprecedented growth has astounded onlookers, but many who do not read into the Chinese economic miracle have little to say about why this has happened. They often chalk it up to exports and the manufacturing boom, often represented by a 'made in China' signature on the bottoms of cheap plastic products. That is only a small part of why China is rivalling the United States as the world's industrial powerhouse. Here are seven reasons for the Chinese economic miracle.
1. Peasants could farm a section of land for themselves
Previously, both the ownership and use of land was collectivised. Farms were people's communes, whereby all the peasants working the land owned it, and they farmed collectively. The reform that ended 20 years of collective farming didn't redistribute land ownership; rather, it allocated the use of land through a contract, so that peasants could choose how they wanted to farm the land. This reform took place over 5 years and considerably increased efficiency and output.
2. The relaxation of price controls on foodstuffs
Before the reforms, basic foods such as grain, meat and eggs were distributed using a strict rationing system by the government. The price that was paid by the government for these foods was so low that firms didn't want to produce them. It led to bad food quality and inefficient production.
The farming reforms were the first step out of three to undo the pricing controls. The second step was the introduction of free local markets to support the first reform. And the third step involved aggressively raising the price ceilings, which helped suppliers and promoted productivity. The government also lowered the price for agricultural machinery to promote farming mechanisation.